SPONGE UMUM DI TERUMBU-TERUMBU KARANG PERAIRAN TAHUNA KAPULAUAN SANGIHE

Common Sponges of Coral Reefs in Tahuna Sangihe Islands

  • Walter Balansa
  • Aprelia Martina Tomasoa Politeknik Negeri Nusa Utara
  • Frets Jonas Rieuwpassa Politeknik Negeri Nusa Utara
Keywords: Senyawa bioaktif, biomaterial, agelasines A-F, agelas nakamurai

Abstract

Sponge makin banyak menarik perhatian para ilmuwan di seluruh dunia bukan karena potensi bioekologisnya saja tetapi juga karena potensi kosmetik dan biomedis dari molekul-molekul bioaktif maupun biomaterial sponge. Sangat disayangkan, pengetahuan tentang diversitas sponge di wilayah dengan biodiversitas tertinggi di dunia seperti Sulawesi Utara dan Wallacea pun masih sangat miskin dengan sebagian informasi diversitas sponge wilayah-wilayah ini tersebar dalam literatur-literatur ilmiah yang sudah usang dan terfragmentasi. Studi ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan taksonomi dasar sponge di Sulawesi Utara khusunya di perairan Tahuna Kepulauan Sangihe sekaligus memberikan gambaran umum tentang distribusi dan potensi farmakologis dari sponges yang umum ditemukan di perairan Tahuna. Menggunakan metode acid digestion dan kombinasi mikroskop cahaya dan Corel Draw, kami mengidentifikasi tujuh spesies umum di terumbu karang Tahuna yaitu Agelas nakamurai, Clathria reindwardtii, Ircinia strobilina, Melophus sarasinorum, Speciospohongia vagabunda dan Xestospongia testudinaria. Selain menyentil tentang molekul-molekul bioaktif, tulisan ini juga secara singkat membahas tentang penyebaran ketujuh jenis sponge itu terutama di kawasan Asia Tenggara, selatan Jepang dan Australia untuk memperlihatkan sebaran sekaligus potensi kandungan bioaktif dan biomaterial dari sumberdaya laut amat berharga tetapi terabaikan dalam berbagai program monitoring dan konservasi terumbu karang di Indonesia ini. Sementara M. sarasinorum, S. vagabunda C. reinwardti, dan X. testudinaria terlihat memiliki distribusi sangat luas di wilayah Indo Pasifik, Agelas nakamurai dan I. strobilina sejauh ini baru dilaporkan di perairan Okinawa, Asia Tenggara dan Wallacea meskipun spesies serupa dari kedua genus itu terdistribusi hampir di seluruh Australia. Artikel ini mewakili laporan pertama tentang diversitas, kandungan molekul dan sebaran geografis sponge umum dari perairan Kabupaten Sangihe.

 

Sponges have attracted considerable attention not only because of their bioecological but also due to cosmetical and medical potentials of bioactive compounds and biomaterials from sponges. Unfortunately, the basic knowledge of this impressive marine invertebrate, even in rich biodiversity region such as North Sulawesi, remains poorly known with such information scattered in old and fragmented literatures. This research aimed to increase the basic taxonomic knowledge and medical potential of seven sponges in Tahuna’s coral reefs  Sangihe Islands as an step to encourage monitoring and concervation of this key species in coral reef in Sangihe Islands. Using acid digestion method and combination of light microscope and Corel Draw, we identified seven common species in Tahuna’s coral reefs namely reinwardti, Ircinia strobilina, Melophus sarasinorum, Speciospongia vagabunda and Xestospongia testudinaria. In addition to providing a quick review on the distribution of these species especially in South East Asia, southern Japan and Australia, the authors also touched on bioactive compounds produced by these animal isolated by one of the authors either from Sangihe Island’s sponges or sponges from other locations to give an overview of the bioactive potential and geographical distributions of the impressive but ignored marine resource in coral reefs’ monitoring and conservation programs in Indonesia. While sepecies such as M. sarasinorum, S. vagabunda C. reinwardti, and X. testudinaria seem to  well distributed in Indopasific, A. nakamurai and I. strobilina are distributed only in south Japan and Wallacea regions although the sibling species of the two sponges have been well reported throughout Australia. This article represents the first report on biodiversity, distribution and bioactive molecules of sponges from Sangihe Islands.

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Author Biographies

Aprelia Martina Tomasoa, Politeknik Negeri Nusa Utara

Teknologi Budidaya Ikan

Frets Jonas Rieuwpassa, Politeknik Negeri Nusa Utara

Teknologi Pengolahan Hasil Laut

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Published
2020-03-03