INSIDEN KEKAMBUHAN MALARIA VIVAX DI PUSKESMAS DOSAY SENTANI JAYAPURA

THE INCIDENT RATE OF PLASMODIUM VIVAX MALARIA RELAPSE AT DOSAY PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER SENTANI JAYAPURA

Abstract

Plasmodium vivax merupakan jenis plasmodium yang paling sulit dieliminasi karena adanya fase hypnozoit di hati manusia sekaligus betanggung jawab terhadap kekambuhan malaria. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui insiden kekamabuhan malaria vivax serta gambaran demografi pasien kambuh tersebut di Puskesmas Dosay Sentani Jayapura. Desain penelitian berupa studi longitudinal dengan waktu perkiraan pengambilan sampel secara consecutive pada Januari-Mei 2019 dengan waktu follow-up 90 hari. Semua pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi akan diminta kesediannya untuk berpartisipasi dalam penelitian. Kriteria inklusi terdiri dari pasien berusia lebih dari sama dengan 1 tahun, bukan malaria berat, tidak sedang hamil, tidak sedang menyusui, tidak meminum obat anti malaria dalam 4 minggu sebelumnya, diberikan obat DHP dan primakuin oleh dokter, bertempat tinggal di daerah penelitian serta mampu dan mau mengikuti semua prosedur selama studi. Dari 50 responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi terdapat 20 persen diantaranya yang mengalami kekambuhan dalam 90 hari follow-up. Dengan incident density 2.36 per 1000 person-days. Pasien yang kambuh mayoritas (80 persen) adalah anak-anak dan suku papua. Tingginya kekambuhan akan menghambat cita-cita eliminasi malaria 2030.

Plasmodium Vivax is the type of plasmodium that is most difficult to eliminate because of the hypnozoite phase in the human liver which is also responsible for malaria recurrence. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of vivax malaria relapse as well as the demographic description of patients at the Dosay Sentani Public Health Center, Jayapura. The research design was a longitudinal study with an estimated time of consecutive sampling from January to May 2019 with a follow-up time of 90 days. All patients who had the inclusion criteria will be asked to participate in the study. The inclusion criteria consisted of aged more than the same as 1 year old, not severe, the subjects were not pregnant, not breastfeeding, did not take anti-malaria medication in the previous 4 weeks, who have their diagnosis confirmed by microscopy, and had been received national standard treatment residing in the study area and being able and willing to follow all procedures during the study. There were 50 subjects who had the inclusion criteria, 20 percent of them run in to relapse within 90 days of follow-up. With 2.36 incident density per 1000 person-days. The majority of patients who relapse (80 percent) were children and Papuans.