RESTORASI MANGROVE BERBASIS KOMUNITAS PESISIR: PENYEMAIAN, MONITORING, DAN TANTANGAN EKOLOGI
Abstract
As a collaborative effort between the School of Life Sciences (SITH) Institute Technology Bandung (ITB), Polnustar, and the people of Salurang, this community service aimed to restore the coastal area of Salurang village, Sangihe Islands, North Sulawesi, through various initiatives, including mangrove rehabilitation and sponge cultivation. This report specifically focuses on the propagation of 1,500 Rhizophora apiculata propagules to combat severe sedimentation from local mining and reclamation, which degraded the coastal area and reduced fish populations. Initial monitoring showed a 95.20% success rate for R. apiculata, later dropping to 78.87% due to plastic waste, animal disturbances, and tidal conditions. While the primary focus was on R. apiculata, the article also touched on the potential use of Calophyllum inophyllum, which successfully grew on different media for future restoration efforts. The monitoring process involved Polnustar and local residents tracking growth and survival every 30 days, with SITH ITB conducting more thorough checks 60 days after propagation. These activities, including guest lectures and hands-on training, significantly enhanced local conservation knowledge and environmental stewardship. The findings highlight the potential of mangrove restoration in Salurang village, demonstrating that coastal restoration is achievable with proper management, adaptive strategies, and active community engagement.
Sebagai bagian dari kolaborasi antara Sekolah Ilmu dan Teknologi Hayati (SITH) Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Polnustar, dan masyarakat Salurang, kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memulihkan wilayah pesisir desa Salurang, Kepulauan Sangihe, Sulawesi Utara, melalui berbagai inisiatif, termasuk rehabilitasi mangrove dan budidaya spons. Artikel ini secara khusus berfokus pada propagasi 1.500 propagul Rhizophora apiculata untuk mengatasi sedimentasi berat akibat penambangan lokal dan reklamasi, yang telah merusak wilayah pesisir dan mengurangi populasi ikan. Pemantauan awal menunjukkan tingkat keberhasilan R. apiculata sebesar 95,20%, yang kemudian menurun menjadi 78,87% akibat sampah plastik, gangguan hewan, dan kondisi pasang surut. Meskipun fokus utama adalah pada R. apiculata, artikel ini juga menyinggung potensi penggunaan Calophyllum inophyllum yang berhasil tumbuh pada media yang berbeda untuk upaya restorasi di masa depan. Proses pemantauan melibatkan Polnustar dan warga setempat dalam memantau pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup propagul setiap 30 hari, dengan SITH ITB melakukan pemeriksaan lebih mendalam 60 hari setelah propagasi. Kegiatan ini, termasuk kuliah tamu dan pelatihan langsung, secara signifikan meningkatkan pengetahuan konservasi lokal dan pengelolaan lingkungan. Hasil pengabdian masyarakat ini mengindikasikan potensi restorasi mangrove di desa Salurang, menunjukkan bahwa pemulihan pesisir berpotensi dicapai dengan manajemen yang tepat, strategi adaptif, dan keterlibatan aktif masyarakat
Downloads
References
Arceo-Carranza, D., Chiappa-Carrara, X., Chávez López, R., & Yáñez Arenas, C. (2021). Mangroves as Feeding and Breeding Grounds. Mangroves: Ecology, Biodiversity and Management, 63–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2494-0_3
Arifanti, V. B., Novita, N., Subarno, & Tosiani, A. (2021). Mangrove deforestation and CO2emissions in Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 874(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/874/1/012006
Atabani, A. E., & César, A. D. S. (2014). Calophyllum inophyllum L. - A prospective non-edible biodiesel feedstock. Study of biodiesel production, properties, fatty acid composition, blending and engine performance. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 37, 644–655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.05.037
Auni, A. H., Bachtiar, B., Paembonan, S. A., & Larekeng, S. H. (2020). Growth analysis of mangrove (Rhizophora apiculata bl) propagule toward differences in types of water and planting media at Makassar mangrove center. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 575(1), 0–14. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/575/1/012137
Barnuevo, A., Asaeda, T., Sanjaya, K., Kanesaka, Y., & Fortes, M. (2017). Drawbacks of mangrove rehabilitation schemes: Lessons learned from the large-scale mangrove plantations. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 198, 432–437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2017.02.015
Bengen, D. G. (2001). Ekosistem dan Sumberdaya Pesisir dan Laut serta Pengelolaan Secara Terpadu dan Berkelanjutan. Prosiding Pelatihan Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir Terpadu. 29 Oktober-3 November 2001, November, 28–55.
Bengen, D. G., Yonvitner, & Rahman. (2007). Pedoman Teknis Pengenalan dan Pengelolaan Mangrove (Vol. 23, Issue February)
Delvian, Siahaan, I. M., & Rambey, R. (2019). Growth Rate of Rhizophora apiculata Propaguls in Two Sylvofishery Ponds in Tanjung Rejo Village Percut Sei Tuan District. Journal of Sylva Indonesiana, 2(1), 20–27. https://doi.org/10.32734/jsi.v2i1.910
DetikGO. (2022). Tradisi Malembo Kahekuang Merupakan Destinasi Wisata Bahari dan Kuliner Kampung Salurang. Artikel Media Massa, 2(1), 1–4. https://detikgo.com/2022/08/02/tradisi-melombo-kahekuang-merupakan-destinasi-wisata- bahari-dan-kuliner-kampung-salurang/
Gerona-Daga, M. E. B., & Salmo, S. G. (2022). A systematic review of mangrove restoration studies in Southeast Asia: Challenges and opportunities for the United Nation’s Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. Frontiers in Marine Science, 9(September), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.987737
Goldberg, L., Lagomasino, D., Thomas, N., & Fatoyinbo, T. (2020). Global declines in human-driven mangrove loss. Global Change Biology, 26(10), 5844–5855. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15275
Holl, K. D. (2018). Asian Mangroves : Community Involvement in Mangrove Restoration Provides Coastal Hazard Reduction and Enhances Human Livelihoods , Indonesia and Sri Lanka. Blue Forests, Asian Mang(2007), 1–7. https://blue-forests.org/en/knowledge/resources-publications/asian-mangroves-community-involvement-in-mangrove-restoration-provides-coastal-hazard-reduction-and-enhances-human-livelihoods-indonesia-and-sri-lanka/
Hutahaean, E. E., Kusmana, C., Helmy, D., & Dewi, R. (1999). Study on Growth Capability of Mangrove Forest Seedling of Rhizophora mucronata, Bruguiera gimnorrhiza and Avicennia marina Species on Various levels of Salinity. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, V(1), 77–85
Imran, A., & Efendi, I. (2016). Inventarisasi Mangrove Di Pesisir Pantai Cemara Lombok Barat. Jurnal Pendidikan Mandala (Jupe).1(August), 105–112
Islam, M. M., Borgqvist, H., & Kumar, L. (2019). Monitoring Mangrove forest landcover changes in the coastline of Bangladesh from 1976 to 2015. Geocarto International, 34(13), 1458–1476. https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2018.1489423
Karimah. (2017). Peran Ekosistem Hutan Mangrove Sebagai Habitat Untuk Organisme Laut. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 17(2), 51–57. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v17i2.497
Kumar, M., & Pola, S. (2023). Mangrove species as a potential source of bioactive compounds for diverse therapeutic applications. Marine Antioxidants: Preparations, Syntheses, and Applications, 249–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95086-2.00020-5
Kumaseh, E. I., Kaim, M. A., & Tatontos, Y. V. (2017). Laju Sedimentasi di Perairan Kampung Salurang Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe. Jurnal Ilmiah Tindalung, 3(2), 49–54. http://www.e-journal.polnustar.ac.id/jit/article/view/100
Maulidya, A., Suwignyo, R. A., Priadi, D. P., Baral, H., Choi, E., Adriansyah, F., & Yang, H. (2024). Survival and Growth Performance of Calophyllum inophyllum L. Seedlings in Peat Soil and at Different Levels of Groundwater. Land, 13(6), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13060879
Mawapala. (2022). Tips Memilih Benih Mangrove untuk Disemai. https://mawapala.walisongo.ac.id/index.php/2022/01/22/tips-memilih-benih-mangrove-untuk-disemai-2/
Nardin, W., Vona, I., & Fagherazzi, S. (2021). Sediment deposition affects mangrove forests in the Mekong delta, Vietnam. Continental Shelf Research, 213(August 2020), 104319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2020.104319
Nopinilianti, R., Burhanuddin, B., & Anwari, M. S. (2020). Pola tanam propagul dan bibit Rhizophora stylosa griff. pada tapak berlumpur di areal rehabilitasi mangrove desa mendalok. Jurnal TENGKAWANG, 10(1), 45–61. https://doi.org/10.26418/jt.v10i1.39237
Nursinar, S., Yapanto, L. M., & Didipu, F. (2023). Survival of Mangrove Propagules Types of Rhizophora Apiculata with Different Media. Advances in Water Science, 34(2), 11–20
Pangestika, L., & Burhanuddin. (2018). Pertumbuhan Propagul Bakau (Rhizophora Apiculata) Dengan Perbedaan Jenis Air Siraman Dan Media Tanam Di Persemaian Pt. Bina Ovivipari Semesta. Jurnal Hutan Lestari, 6(4), 752–758.
Rieuwpassa, F. J., Wibowo, I., Tanod, W. A., Palawe, J. F. P., Cahyono, E., Wodi, S. I. M., Ansar, N. M., Pumpente, O. I., Tomasoa, A. M., Manurung, U. N., Kumaseh, E. I., Lungary, F. F., Aatjin, H., Manansang, C. A., Makawekes, S. I., Barlian, A., & Balansa, W. (2023). Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Kegiatan Pembibitan dan Penanaman Mangrove di Pantai Salurang, Kepulauan Sangihe. Wikrama Parahita : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 7(1), 69–74. https://doi.org/10.30656/jpmwp.v7i1.5336
Salmo, S. G., Tibbetts, I., & Duke, N. C. (2017). Colonization and shift of mollusc assemblages as a restoration indicator in planted mangroves in the Philippines. Biodiversity and Conservation, 26(4), 865–881. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-016-1276-6
Salmo, S. G., Tibbetts, I. R., & Duke, N. C. (2018). Nekton communities as indicators of habitat functionality in Philippine mangrove plantations. Marine and Freshwater Research, 69(3), 477–485. https://doi.org/10.1071/MF17116
Santosa, P. B., Yuwati, T. Y., Rachmanadi, D., Rusmana, & Graham, L. L. . (2014). Response Of Peat Swamp Forest Species Seedlings To Flooding. Tropical Peat Swamp Forest Silviculture in Central Kalimantan : A Series of Five Research Papers Tropical Peat Swamp Forest Silviculture in Central Kalimantan A Series of Five Research Papers Banjarbaru Forestry Research Unit , FORDA, January 2014. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.1071.9126
Saoum, M. R., & Sarkar, S. K. (2024). Monitoring mangrove forest change and its impacts on the environment. Ecological Indicators, 159(January), 111666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.111666
Setyawan, A. D., Winarno, K., & Purnama, P. C. (2003). R E V I E W: Mangrove ecosystem in Java: 1. recent status. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 4(2), 133–145. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d040211
Varijakzhan, D., Loh, J. Y., Yap, W. S., Yusoff, K., Seboussi, R., Lim, S. H. E., Lai, K. S., & Chong, C. M. (2021). Bioactive compounds from marine sponges: Fundamentals and applications. Marine Drugs, 19(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/md19050246
Villamayor, B. M. R., Rollon, R. N., Samson, M. S., Albano, G. M. G., & Primavera, J. H. (2016). Impact of Haiyan on Philippine mangroves: Implications to the fate of the widespread monospecific Rhizophora plantations against strong typhoons. Ocean and Coastal Management, 132, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2016.07.011
Arceo-Carranza, D., Chiappa-Carrara, X., Chávez López, R., & Yáñez Arenas, C. (2021). Mangroves as Feeding and Breeding Grounds. Mangroves: Ecology, Biodiversity and Management, 63–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2494-0_3
Arifanti, V. B., Novita, N., Subarno, & Tosiani, A. (2021). Mangrove deforestation and CO2emissions in Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 874(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/874/1/012006
Atabani, A. E., & César, A. D. S. (2014). Calophyllum inophyllum L. - A prospective non-edible biodiesel feedstock. Study of biodiesel production, properties, fatty acid composition, blending and engine performance. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 37, 644–655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.05.037
Auni, A. H., Bachtiar, B., Paembonan, S. A., & Larekeng, S. H. (2020). Growth analysis of mangrove (Rhizophora apiculata bl) propagule toward differences in types of water and planting media at Makassar mangrove center. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 575(1), 0–14. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/575/1/012137
Barnuevo, A., Asaeda, T., Sanjaya, K., Kanesaka, Y., & Fortes, M. (2017). Drawbacks of mangrove rehabilitation schemes: Lessons learned from the large-scale mangrove plantations. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 198, 432–437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2017.02.015
Bengen, D. G. (2001). Ekosistem dan Sumberdaya Pesisir dan Laut serta Pengelolaan Secara Terpadu dan Berkelanjutan. Prosiding Pelatihan Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir Terpadu. 29 Oktober-3 November 2001, November, 28–55.
Bengen, D. G., Yonvitner, & Rahman. (2007). Pedoman Teknis Pengenalan dan Pengelolaan Mangrove (Vol. 23, Issue February).
Delvian, Siahaan, I. M., & Rambey, R. (2019). Growth Rate of Rhizophora apiculata Propaguls in Two Sylvofishery Ponds in Tanjung Rejo Village Percut Sei Tuan District. Journal of Sylva Indonesiana, 2(1), 20–27. https://doi.org/10.32734/jsi.v2i1.910
DetikGO. (2022). Tradisi Malembo Kahekuang Merupakan Destinasi Wisata Bahari dan Kuliner Kampung Salurang. Artikel Media Massa, 2(1), 1–4. https://detikgo.com/2022/08/02/tradisi-melombo-kahekuang-merupakan-destinasi-wisata- bahari-dan-kuliner-kampung-salurang/
Gerona-Daga, M. E. B., & Salmo, S. G. (2022). A systematic review of mangrove restoration studies in Southeast Asia: Challenges and opportunities for the United Nation’s Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. Frontiers in Marine Science, 9(September), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.987737
Goldberg, L., Lagomasino, D., Thomas, N., & Fatoyinbo, T. (2020). Global declines in human-driven mangrove loss. Global Change Biology, 26(10), 5844–5855. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15275
Holl, K. D. (2018). Asian Mangroves : Community Involvement in Mangrove Restoration Provides Coastal Hazard Reduction and Enhances Human Livelihoods , Indonesia and Sri Lanka. Blue Forests, Asian Mang(2007), 1–7. https://blue-forests.org/en/knowledge/resources-publications/asian-mangroves-community-involvement-in-mangrove-restoration-provides-coastal-hazard-reduction-and-enhances-human-livelihoods-indonesia-and-sri-lanka/
Hutahaean, E. E., Kusmana, C., Helmy, D., & Dewi, R. (1999). Study on Growth Capability of Mangrove Forest Seedling of Rhizophora mucronata, Bruguiera gimnorrhiza and Avicennia marina Species on Various levels of Salinity. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, V(1), 77–85.
Imran, A., & Efendi, I. (2016). Inventarisasi Mangrove Di Pesisir Pantai Cemara Lombok Barat. Jurnal Pendidikan Mandala (Jupe).1(August), 105–112.
Islam, M. M., Borgqvist, H., & Kumar, L. (2019). Monitoring Mangrove forest landcover changes in the coastline of Bangladesh from 1976 to 2015. Geocarto International, 34(13), 1458–1476. https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2018.1489423
Karimah. (2017). Peran Ekosistem Hutan Mangrove Sebagai Habitat Untuk Organisme Laut. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 17(2), 51–57. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v17i2.497
Kumar, M., & Pola, S. (2023). Mangrove species as a potential source of bioactive compounds for diverse therapeutic applications. Marine Antioxidants: Preparations, Syntheses, and Applications, 249–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95086-2.00020-5
Kumaseh, E. I., Kaim, M. A., & Tatontos, Y. V. (2017). Laju Sedimentasi di Perairan Kampung Salurang Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe. Jurnal Ilmiah Tindalung, 3(2), 49–54. http://www.e-journal.polnustar.ac.id/jit/article/view/100
Maulidya, A., Suwignyo, R. A., Priadi, D. P., Baral, H., Choi, E., Adriansyah, F., & Yang, H. (2024). Survival and Growth Performance of Calophyllum inophyllum L. Seedlings in Peat Soil and at Different Levels of Groundwater. Land, 13(6), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13060879
Mawapala. (2022). Tips Memilih Benih Mangrove untuk Disemai. https://mawapala.walisongo.ac.id/index.php/2022/01/22/tips-memilih-benih-mangrove-untuk-disemai-2/
Nardin, W., Vona, I., & Fagherazzi, S. (2021). Sediment deposition affects mangrove forests in the Mekong delta, Vietnam. Continental Shelf Research, 213(August 2020), 104319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2020.104319
Nopinilianti, R., Burhanuddin, B., & Anwari, M. S. (2020). Pola tanam propagul dan bibit Rhizophora stylosa griff. pada tapak berlumpur di areal rehabilitasi mangrove desa mendalok. Jurnal TENGKAWANG, 10(1), 45–61. https://doi.org/10.26418/jt.v10i1.39237
Nursinar, S., Yapanto, L. M., & Didipu, F. (2023). Survival of Mangrove Propagules Types of Rhizophora Apiculata with Different Media. Advances in Water Science, 34(2), 11–20.
Pangestika, L., & Burhanuddin. (2018). Pertumbuhan Propagul Bakau (Rhizophora Apiculata) Dengan Perbedaan Jenis Air Siraman Dan Media Tanam Di Persemaian Pt. Bina Ovivipari Semesta. Jurnal Hutan Lestari, 6(4), 752–758.
Rieuwpassa, F. J., Wibowo, I., Tanod, W. A., Palawe, J. F. P., Cahyono, E., Wodi, S. I. M., Ansar, N. M., Pumpente, O. I., Tomasoa, A. M., Manurung, U. N., Kumaseh, E. I., Lungary, F. F., Aatjin, H., Manansang, C. A., Makawekes, S. I., Barlian, A., & Balansa, W. (2023). Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Kegiatan Pembibitan dan Penanaman Mangrove di Pantai Salurang, Kepulauan Sangihe. Wikrama Parahita : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 7(1), 69–74. https://doi.org/10.30656/jpmwp.v7i1.5336
Salmo, S. G., Tibbetts, I., & Duke, N. C. (2017). Colonization and shift of mollusc assemblages as a restoration indicator in planted mangroves in the Philippines. Biodiversity and Conservation, 26(4), 865–881. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-016-1276-6
Salmo, S. G., Tibbetts, I. R., & Duke, N. C. (2018). Nekton communities as indicators of habitat functionality in Philippine mangrove plantations. Marine and Freshwater Research, 69(3), 477–485. https://doi.org/10.1071/MF17116
Santosa, P. B., Yuwati, T. Y., Rachmanadi, D., Rusmana, & Graham, L. L. . (2014). Response Of Peat Swamp Forest Species Seedlings To Flooding. Tropical Peat Swamp Forest Silviculture in Central Kalimantan : A Series of Five Research Papers Tropical Peat Swamp Forest Silviculture in Central Kalimantan A Series of Five Research Papers Banjarbaru Forestry Research Unit , FORDA, January 2014. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.1071.9126
Saoum, M. R., & Sarkar, S. K. (2024). Monitoring mangrove forest change and its impacts on the environment. Ecological Indicators, 159(January), 111666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.111666
Setyawan, A. D., Winarno, K., & Purnama, P. C. (2003). R E V I E W: Mangrove ecosystem in Java: 1. recent status. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 4(2), 133–145. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d040211
Varijakzhan, D., Loh, J. Y., Yap, W. S., Yusoff, K., Seboussi, R., Lim, S. H. E., Lai, K. S., & Chong, C. M. (2021). Bioactive compounds from marine sponges: Fundamentals and applications. Marine Drugs, 19(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/md19050246
Villamayor, B. M. R., Rollon, R. N., Samson, M. S., Albano, G. M. G., & Primavera, J. H. (2016). Impact of Haiyan on Philippine mangroves: Implications to the fate of the widespread monospecific Rhizophora plantations against strong typhoons. Ocean and Coastal Management, 132, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2016.07.011
Wodehouse, D. C. J., & Rayment, M. B. (2019). Mangrove area and propagule number planting targets produce sub-optimal rehabilitation and afforestation outcomes. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 222(February 2018), 91–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2019.04.003
