Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Sponge Perairan Enepahembang Terhadap Bakteri Patogenik Ikan Aeromonas Hydrophila
(Enepahembang Waters Antibacterial Activity of Sponge Extract Against Fish Pathogenic Bacteria Aeromonas Hydrophila)
Abstract
Ancaman menakutkan dari bakteri-bakteri resisten terhadap berbagai antibiotik, khususnya bakteribakteri Gram negatif, menjadikan penemuan antibiotik baru makin relevan dan mendesak. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji aktivitas antibakteri 12 sponge dari perairan terumbu karang Enepahembang Tahuna terhadap bakteri patogenik ikan Aeromonas hydrophila. Studi ini mencakup koleksi sponge dengan snorkling pada kedalaman 1.0-7.0 m, ekstraksi sampel dengan vacuum rotary evaporator dan uji antimikroba ekstrak kasar terhadap A. hydrophila. Ekstrak dari 5 spesimen yang belum teridentifiksi dengan kode EP-5, EP-12, EP-13, EP-15 dan EP-16 mampu menghambat pertumbuhan A. hydrophila pada konsentrasi 10.0 /mL (zona hambat = 12.0 mm - 14.0 mm) sedangkan EP-1 pada konsentrasi lebih rendah yakni 1.0 mg/mL (zona hambat = 15.0 mm). Pada konsentrasi 10.0 mg/mL, ekstrak kasar EP-1 berdaya hambat 28.0 mm, sedikit lebih besar dari zona hambat antibiotik pembanding (tetrasikilin, 27.0 mm) meskipun pada konsentrasi tetrasiklin lebih rendah (0.1 mg/mL). Studi lanjut berupa fraksinasi, pemurnian senyawa, penentuan struktur molekul dan uji antibakteri untuk ekstrak kasar EP-1 sangat diperlukan. Selain untuk memastikan potensi antibiotik sebenarnya, studi ini bermanfaat untuk memastikan kebaruan dari molekul-molekul terkandung pada spesimen EP-1, sebuah upaya strategis dalam menunjang penemuan antibiotik baru.
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